An Outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in China to the world. It spread from the seafood and meat market of Wuhan, China in December 2019. It ranges from the common cold to Middle Cast Respiratory Syndrome to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Zoonotic Disease is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread from non-human animals to humans especially from civet cats, camels, and bats. It develops in 2 to 12 days and on average 5 days from infection. Clinical features are range from no symptoms (asymptomatic) severe pneumonia and death.
Symptoms in Decreasing order of prevalence:
-↓ Fever
-↓ Dry Cough
-↓ Fatigue
-↓ Sputum production
-↓ Shortness of Breath
-↓ Myalgia or Arthralgia Average of 5-6
-↓ Sore throat Symptoms
-↓ Headache
-↓ Chills
-↓ Nausea & Vomiting
-↓ Nasal congestion
-↓ Diarrhoea
-↓ Hemoptysis
-↓ Conjunctival congestion
Pathogenesis - a manner of development of disease
Unique feature it causes both Upper Respiratory Tract Infection & Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
The virus attaches to specific cellular Receptors via the spike protein
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Transformational change, leading to a fusion between the viral and cell membrane
⤋
Release of the nucleocapsid into the cell
⤋ Transcription & translation
Alteration of DNA & production of proteins &certain specific enzymes
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Release of excess Cytokines & Chemokines
Hyperinflammation (effects)
Cause of death due to complications/effects caused by
"Cytokine Storm Syndrome"
- Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS)
- Fulminant Myocarditis (cardiac affinity)
Who is at more Risk?
- Immunocompromised individuals
- Chronic disorders :
- Bronchial Asthma
- Diabetes
- Cardiovascular Patients
- Old Age people
- Malignancy (cancer)
Persons having the above disorders are at more risk means chances of infection in these types of patients is high. Nowadays more peoples having these disorders means more risk of the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in humans.
Spread?
The novel coronavirus spread through droplets of cough and sneeze by population. Surfaces of different substances like Wooden and plastic materials. Novel coronavirus survives 24 hours to 3 or more than three days on different materials. COVID-19 comes into a human body by infected droplets or materials with coronavirus and starts affecting the human body. Its incubation period is 2-12 days and an average of 5 days.
Treatment of COVID-19
Nothing has been postulated officially
Hospitalization is the only way for a severe (bad) case
Supportive Treatment
Nothing has been postulated officially. So, in severe cases, hospitalization is the only way in which doctors do a supportive treatment like;
- Maintain Airways, Breathing circulation
- If PO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen) less than 55% put on ventilation
- Isolation (to prevent spread)
- Correction of electrolyte imbalance
- Correct temperature
Drugs Such as -
- TOCILIZUMAB (IL-6 BLOCKADE)
- ANAKINRA (IL-1 BLOCKADE)
↳ Against effects of cytokine storm
- Remdesivir (In spotlight these days for its effect shown)
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (HIV Tt) # Anti-virals Also tried
Favilavir # Anti-HIV drugs Also tried
- OMer Anti Malanals also showed results:
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Hydronic Chloroquine
↳ A less Ionic derivative of chloroquine phosphate
THERE IS NO CERTAIN SPECIFIC TREATMENT
PROTOCOL PUBLISHED BY
WHO
PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR COVID 19
You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading the virus to others if you:
DO
Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub
Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed elbow when you cough or sneeze
Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell
Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel unwell
DON'T
Touch your eyes, nose, or mouth if your hands are not clean